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Table 4. Percentage survival (± SE) of Galerucella calmariensis and mean survival (± SE) of Myzus lythri alone and in the presence of an individual predator.
Treatments % survival of Galerucella Myzus survival per 12 leaves per plant
M. lythri - 158.1 ± 30.1 a
G. calmariensis 21.2 ± 4.1 ab -
M. lythri + G. calmariensis 29.6 ± 4.5 a 93.9 ± 30.0 ab
M. lythri + H. axyridis - 48.3 ± 33.0 b
G. calmariensis + C. carnea 20.8 ± 4.1 ab -
M. lythri + G. calmariensis + H. axyridis 12.4 ± 4.1 b 2.2 ± 34.6 b
M. lythri + G. calmariensis + C. carnea 20.7 ± 4.5 ab 54.7 ± 30.1 b

Myzus lythri (M. lythri; herbivore), Galerucella calmariensis (G. calmariensis; herbivore), Harmonia axyridis (H. axyridis; predator), Chrysoperla carnea (C. carnea; predator)
Means followed by the same letters within a column are statistically different (P< 0.05) according to LSD multiple comparison of means
- parameter was not measured for this contrast.
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