Table 2. Effects of herbivore-predator treatments on on Lythrum
salicaria(mean ± SE) in a greenhouse study.
| Treatments | Number of leaves | Internode length (cm) | Leaf area removed (cm 2 ) | Above ground biomass dry weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 508.0 ± 146.5 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 6.4 | 13.4 ± 4.9 |
| M. lythri (herbivore) | 457.4 ± 102.8 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | - | 10.8 ± 2.9 |
| G. calmariensis (herbivore) | 163.2 ± 80.2 | - | 927.4 ± 305.3 | 7.2 ± 2.8 |
| M. lythri + G. calmariensis | 340.6 ± 120.6 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 219.8 ± 14.5 | 12.7 ± 4.2 |
| M. lythri + H. axyridis (predator) | 349.7 ± 75.9 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | - | 6.9 ± 1.2 |
| G. calmariensis + C. carnea (predator) | 211.4 ± 50.9 | - | 149.2 ± 16.2 | 6.9 ± 1.8 |
| M. lythri + G. calmariensis + H. axyridis | 372.6 ± 90.8 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 220.6 ± 60.1 | 8.4 ± 2.2 |
| M. lythri + G. calmariensis + C. carnea | 304.2 ± 110.1 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 610.4 ± 462.5 | 16.8 ± 9.9 |